General Electric's Security division is developing a new RFID-based
system that can be built into a new generation of shipping
containers.
Looking to push a new technology into the nascent market for
electronically securing shipping containers used around the world,
U.S. conglomerate General Electric's Security division is
developing a new security system that uses radio frequency
identification (RFID) and can be built into a new generation of
containers. It is also set to finance the installation of its own
RFID readers and software at ports around the globe throughout
2005. GE has partnered with China International Marine Containers (CIMC),
the world's largest container manufacturer, to incorporate its GE
Security Tamper Evident Secure Container (TESC) system into CIMC's
next-generation containers. Scheduled to be available for sale in
the third quarter this year, along with the built-in TESC device,
the new containers feature door hinges on the inside of the
container.
A GE worker reads a TESC device embedded in a cargo container.
TESC uses wireless technology to ensure that, after the containers
are sealed by a trusted manufacturer of the contents being shipped
or by a border official, they have not been tampered with. It
promises to add security to global shipping lanes as well as speed
the time it takes shipments to clear customs. There are currently more than 16 million shipping containers in use
around the world, and seals are used not necessarily to prevent
access, but just record if tampering took place. While mechanical
seals have predominated, a new generation of electronic seals, or
e-seals, from companies such as Savi Technology, are increasingly
being used. These e-seals use battery power and transponder seals
that are not electrified while monitoring but are briefly powered
up by (or for) the seal reader to check if tampering has occurred.
The e-seals can be in the form of a sensor bolt or smart seal with
an embedded RFID tag that is used to lock the container doors but
also monitor any tampering with the container door lock. The Smart and Secure Tradelanes, an initiative involving commercial
and government participants, has used active RFID sensor bolts to
provide security and real-time visibility across international
shipping lanes. The SST system has been installed at more than 15
ports in Asia, Europe, Latin America and the United States, and so
far, more than 2,000 containers sealed with active RFID sensor
bolts have been shipped in SST-related programs. (See African Beef
Gets Tracked and Safeguarding Shipping Profitably.) Most smart container seals work with existing containers, but
because the seals are fitted to the outside of the container and
because these containers have external hinges, says GE Security,
these existing containers are still vulnerable to tampering. "A lot of e-seal offerings don't ensure that containers have not
been opened because the external locks and hinges can be removed
without being detected by the e-seal. By placing the TESC device
inside the container and making the hinges internal, this system
prevents any tampering going unnoticed," says James Petrizzi, vice
president of engineering for GE Security. The new containers from CIMC have their hinges on the inside of the
container as well as a new GE TESC device embedded in the seal of
the door's frame. Just the device antenna is visible from outside
the container. The TESC device can record if a door was opened as
well as if any tampering took place. Using TESC, which operates in 2.4 GHz, shippers can secure the
sealed containers with a handheld RFID reader that sets the device
and records information from the TESC device, including the unique
ID numbers of the device and of the container it is attached to. GE's system also includes fixed readers and software that can pass
data collected by the readers and transmitted over GSM cellular
networks to a GE-hosted shipping management application, which
stores the details of each container being tracked as the TESC
device is read, as well as whether it has been tampered with. The
system can also pass on this information to port security and
customs officials, as required. GE recently concluded a real-world test of TESC. Between October
and December 2004, the trial tracked shipments using the new CIMC
container from a GE factory in China to another GE facility in
California. The trial was set up and monitored by systems
integrators Unisys, which is already involved in a number of
container security projects, including Operation Safe Commerce (see
Unisys Starts Up RFID Unit) projects with the Port Authority of New
York and New Jersey. During the GE trial, the TESC device managed
to detect a range attempts to defeat the security system.